Be sure to review all species lists, but especially lists 3-6. Focus on family, genus and species key features.
What is the definition of a species? How do new species arise? (Review the process of natural selection with
geographic isolation.) How are they
maintained? (review
types of reproductive isolation.)
How does sexual reproduction occur in trees? Where are seeds produced? What is asexual reproduction? Know some examples of trees that can stump sprout, root sprout, layer, and root crown sprout. What are the pros and cons of sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
What are features of wind-pollinated plants? How are animal-pollinated plants different? What features might you look for in flowers or cones to figure out who or what pollinates them?
What can seeds look like if they are dispersed by the wind? By animals? What happens if animals eat the seeds and/or fruit? What is masting?
What are some ways that trees deal with being so large and living so long? How do they move water to tree tops? How do they repair wounds? Fight disease? Survive generation after generation in changing environments?
What is it that allows conifers to grow better than others in dry places? In cold places? What about mild and wet places like the PNW? Be able to describe these traits in conifers relative to angiosperms: photosynthesis rates, foliage longevity, stomates, xylem tissue, fire adaptations
How are forest fires beneficial? How has fire policy changed over the past century? How has this policy affected forests and fires of the inland western US? What are the different fire regimes of ponderosa pine vs. lodgepole pine forests?
What is the difference between a disease and its agent? Biological vs. non-biological agents? Root rot, blight, rust, brooms are common problems in western Washington. Which group is most serious? What types of insects cause problems in our forests? What part of the tree do the different feeding types affect (bark beetles eat phloem and cambium, sucking insects suck sap from phloem…)? What is the most destructive group in western Washington? Why are introduced diseases and insects often much more serious problems than native ones?