Review the families and species covered on
the first two lists. Know both common
and scientific names of both families and species. You may be asked to identify trees by their
descriptions, or name a species with certain features, or describe how to
separate two species (or other groups).
Define a tree (how is a tree different from a shrub?)
Format for scientific species names: (1)
Latin or latinized; (2) binomial nomenclature: 2
words (genus and specific epithet); (3) first letter of genus name capitalized,
all others lower case; (4) underlined or italicized; (5) authors name may
follow in a formal written report; (6) special formats for subspecies (or
variety, race), hybrids, cultivated varieties.
Hierarchical classification scheme for all living things: kingdom,
phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (then subspecies or variety if
applicable)
How does a tree grow? What does
meristem tissue have to do with tree growth?
What kinds of meristems are there? Where are they found? What is vascular tissue? What are its functions? How can you tell the age of a twig or a tree?
What are the sources of natural variation in plants? What does the equation "genotype X environment = phenotype" mean? Which is more important within individuals? Between populations or races or species? What is a common garden test? A clonal test?
How do
mutation, migration, chance events and natural selection act to create
evolutionary change?
Vocabulary terms will be included. Be prepared to label figures and define
terms.
Twigs (terminal bud, lateral bud, leaf scar, vascular bundle scar,
lenticel, pith, node, sterigmata, fascicle)
Leaf parts (petiole, rachis, blade, veins, margin, stipule, stomatal bands)
Leaf shape (acicular, linear, awl-shaped, scale, lanceolate,
oblanceolate, ovate, obovate,
elliptical, rhomboid, orbicular, deltoid)
Leaf compounding (simple, pinnate, palmate, bipinnate)
Leaf margin (entire, serrate, doubly serrate, dentate, revolute, lobed)
Phyllotaxy
(alternate, opposite, whorled – how many leaves per node for each?)
Stem parts (vascular tissue, xylem, phloem, cambium, bark, annual ring,
apical meristem)
Flower parts (sepals, petals, stamens [anther, filament], pistil
[stigma, style, ovary])
Fruit types (legume, samara, drupe, pome, berry,
nut, achene, follicle)
Infloresence types: spike, raceme,
panicle, catkin or ament, cyme,
head
Cones (scale, bract, axis)
Pollen and seeds
Other (monoecious, dioecious, excurrent, deliquescent, perfect, complete)
Differences between gymnosperms and angiosperms